Pakistan’s Nuclear Capabilities Under Scrutiny

India has strongly criticized Pakistani Army Chief Asim Munir’s recent nuclear threats, labeling them as “irresponsible.” During a public address in Florida, Munir, who holds the rank of Field Marshal, warned that Pakistan would retaliate with catastrophic force if faced with an existential threat from India. His comments have sparked international concern and prompted a closer examination of Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities.

Nuclear Arsenal and Development

According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2025 Yearbook, Pakistan possesses an estimated 170 nuclear warheads. The country is actively developing a nuclear triad, which includes aircraft capable of delivering nuclear gravity bombs, ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles, and sea-launched cruise missiles (SLCMs) for submarine deployment. SIPRI suggests that Pakistan’s arsenal could expand in the coming decade as it develops new delivery systems.

Missile Capabilities and Regional Influence

Pakistan’s missile arsenal is primarily focused on regional influence. The Shaheen-3, its most advanced ballistic missile, has a range of 2,750 kilometers, enabling it to strike targets across India. The Ababeel missile, still in development, introduces the potential for multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), posing a challenge to missile defense systems. However, claims of global reach are overstated; Pakistan’s missiles are not capable of reaching East Asia, Western Europe, or North America.

Naval Component and Second-Strike Capability

Pakistan is working towards establishing a credible second-strike capability through a sea-based nuclear force. The Babur-3 SLCM is designed to arm the Pakistan Navy’s Agosta-90B submarines, completing the nuclear triad once operational. This development aims to enhance Pakistan’s strategic deterrence capabilities.

India’s Response to Nuclear Threats

India’s Ministry of External Affairs condemned Munir’s remarks as “nuclear sabre-rattling,” questioning the integrity of Pakistan’s nuclear command and control. The international community remains concerned about the potential implications of such rhetoric on regional stability and security.