Chikungunya Virus Spreads in China

A significant outbreak of the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus is currently affecting China, particularly in the Guangdong Province. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 2 alert due to the rapid spread of the virus, with over 7,000 cases reported as of Wednesday. The virus is transmitted when mosquitoes feed on an infected person and subsequently bite another individual. Efforts to control the outbreak include using insecticide, mosquito nets, and drones to target mosquito breeding grounds.

Global Impact and Spread

The chikungunya virus is not confined to China alone; it has been spreading across Europe as well. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), since early 2025, approximately 240,000 cases and 90 deaths have been reported across 16 countries and territories, including regions in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. Despite this widespread transmission, there have been no confirmed locally acquired cases in the U.S. since 2019.

Symptoms and Risks

Common symptoms of chikungunya include high fever and joint pain, typically appearing three to seven days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Other symptoms may include headache, joint swelling, rash, and muscle pain. While most symptoms resolve within a week, some individuals may experience prolonged joint pain lasting months or even years. Rarely, neurological complications such as encephalitis can occur. Those at highest risk for severe illness include older adults, newborns, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions like heart disease or diabetes.

Prevention and Control Measures

China’s strategy to contain the outbreak involves aggressive measures such as using drones to eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed and spraying public areas with insect repellents. Officials are also enforcing strict regulations by fining or arresting individuals who fail to eliminate standing water. Additionally, innovative tactics like introducing elephant mosquitoes that prey on Aedes mosquitoes are being explored.

Vaccination and Travel Advice

Currently, there are no specific medications available to treat chikungunya. Prevention remains the best defense against the virus. Recommended strategies include using EPA-registered insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and ensuring proper window screens are in place. In the U.S., two vaccines are available for travelers at higher risk: a live-attenuated vaccine (IXCHIQ) and a virus-like particle vaccine (VIMKUNYA). Travelers should consult healthcare providers to assess their need for vaccination before visiting affected areas.